ZERO-G

The term G-Zero world refers to an emerging vacuum of power in international politics created by a decline of Western influence and the domestic focus of the governments of developing states.

The term G-Zero was first coined by political scientists Ian Bremmer and David F. Gordon. G-Zero became the main theme of Ian Bremmer's book, Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World (Portfolio, May 2012).

It is a reference to a perceived shift away from the pre-eminence of the Group of Seven industrialized countries and the expanded Group of Twenty, which includes major emerging powers like China, India,Brazil, Turkey and others. It is also a rejection of terms like G2, often used to identify a possible strategic partnership between the US and Chinese governments, or G3, which represents an attempt to align US, European and Japanese interests to defend free market democracy from the rise of Chinese-inspired state-dominated capitalism.

Those who argue that the G-Zero has become the current international order warn that the G7 has become obsolete, that the G20 offers too many competing visions of the proper role of government in an economy to produce well-coordinated policies, that China has no interest in the responsibilities that come with a G2, and that America, Europe and Japan are too mired in internal problems to forge a common approach to economic and security policy.

The concept of the G-Zero has been criticized by some who argue that it overstates the decline in America’s political and economic power and underestimates the willingness of developing countries to play a larger role on the international stage.

BOEİNG COMMERİCAL AIRPLANES

Boeing Commercial Airplanes, a business unit of The Boeing Company, is committed to being the leader in commercial aviation by offering airplanes and services that deliver superior design, efficiency and value to customers around the world. There are more than 12,000 Boeing commercial jetliners in service*, flying passengers and freight more efficiently than competing models in the market.

Boeing traces its history to aviation pioneer William Boeing who, in 1916, built the company's first airplane, a seaplane for two with a range of 320 nautical miles (515 km). Since then, Boeing has defined the modern jetliner and introduced the twin-aisle cabin, the glass cockpit and countless other innovations. Today, Boeing Commercial Airplanes offers a family of technologically advanced airplanes, including one that can seat more than 500 and another that boasts the longest range in the world, at more than 9,300 nautical miles (14,966 km).

Boeing Commercial Airplanes employs more than 80,000 people under the leadership of President and CEO Ray Conner. The business unit's revenue in 2011 was $36.2 billion.

With headquarters in the Puget Sound region of Washington state, Boeing Commercial Airplanes has operations in more than a dozen cities and countries. The business unit comprises five airplane programs, VIP-derivative airplanes, extensive fabrication and assembly facilities and a global customer support organization.

The Boeing 737 is the best-selling commercial airliner in history. The single-aisle jetliner, known for being reliable, simple and economical to operate, dominates the market for short- to medium-range routes.

Next-Generation 737 family - an updated 737 airplane introduced in 1993 with a new wing design, improved fuel capacity and improved aerodynamics to give the airplane greater range and speed -- includes the 737-600/-700/-800/-900ER models. The airplane program continually incorporates value-added technologies and significant design innovations to improve performance, navigation precision and passenger comfort. The Next-Generation family has won orders for more than 6,00 airplanes, while the combined 737 family has surpassed 9,300 orders. Boeing has delivered more than 7,000 737s, and more than 3,800 Next-Generation 737s through 2011.

737 MAX - 737 MAX 7, 737 MAX 8 and 737 MAX 9 - will build on the Next-Generation 737's popularity and reliability while delivering customers unsurpassed fuel efficiency in the single-aisle market. Development of the 737 MAX is on schedule with firm configuration of the airplane planned for 2013, first flight in 2016 and deliveries to customers beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017. Already a market success, the 737 MAX has accumulated more than 1,000 orders and commitments from 16 customers worldwide since its launch Aug. 30, 2011.

The Boeing 747, the original "jumbo jet" with its distinctive upper-deck profile, is among the fastest airliners in service.

Boeing 747-8 Family - The Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental and 747-8 Freighter are the new, high-capacity 747s that offer airlines the lowest operating costs and best economics of any large passenger or freighter airplane in its class - while providing enhanced environmental performance.

This latest family of 747 jetliners meets airline requirements for a passenger airplane that serves the 400- to 500-seat market between the 555-seat Airbus A380 and the 365-seat Boeing 777-300ER airplanes, and for a freighter that continues the leadership of the 747 Freighter family in the world cargo market.

Both airplanes represent a new benchmark in fuel efficiency and noise reduction, allowing airlines to lower fuel costs and fly into more airports at more times of the day. The 747-8 gives double-digit fuel improvements over the 747-400 and has a 30-percent smaller noise footprint, with QC2 takeoffs and QC1 arrivals. The 747-8 is designed to operate safely at any airport that currently has 747-400 service. The 747-8 builds on the current 747's capability to fly into most airports worldwide, using the same pilot type ratings, services and most ground support equipment. With a range of 8,000 nautical miles (14,815 km), the 747-8 Intercontinental can connect nearly any major city pair in the world.

The Boeing 767 family includes four models--the 767-200ER, 767-300ER and 767-400ER passenger jetliners and the 767 Freighter, based on the 767-300ER fuselage. Sized between the single-aisle 737 Next Generation and the twin-aisle 777, the versatile 767 has earned a reputation among airlines for its profitability and comfort.

The 767-400ER enjoys significant advantages in operating economics over other 240- to 300-seat airplanes. Unsurpassed comfort for intercontinental passengers, 3,580 cubic feet (129.7 cu m) of lower hold cargo space, and commonality with other Boeing jetliners make the 767-400 an excellent revenue generator with exceptionally high reliability and low maintenance costs.

The 767 Freighter shares all the advancements in avionics, aerodynamics, materials and propulsion that contribute to success of the 767-300ER passenger airplane. Excellent fuel efficiency, operational flexibility, low-noise levels and an all-digital flight deck allow the 767 Freighter to support time-critical cargo schedules, even at airports with stringent noise and emissions standards.

767s burn significantly less fuel and produce lower emissions per pound of fuel used than any comparably sized jetliner, including the A330-200. The 767 family beats industry standards in all categories of emissions -- nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, smoke and carbon monoxide.

The Boeing 777 family is a complete family of jetliners that is preferred by passengers and airlines around the world. The market-leading 777 family consists of five passenger models, with the ability to fly point-to-point nonstop to bypass crowded and busy hub airports, and a freighter model.

The 777 seats from 301 to 368 passengers in a three-class configuration with a range capability of 5,240 nautical miles (9,700 km) to 9,395 nautical miles (17,395 km). The 777 is available in six models: the 777-200, 777-200ER (Extended Range), a larger 777-300, two new longer-range models, the 777-300ER and 777-200LR Worldliner (the world's longest range commercial airplane) and the Boeing 777 Freighter.

The market-driven design of the 777 ensures the airplane responds to market needs and customer preferences. The result is a family of airplanes distinguished by fuel-efficiency, spacious cabin interior, range capability, commonality and reliability. The 777 provides the most payload and range capability and growth potential in the medium-sized airplane category with lower operating costs.

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is the family of new, super-efficient airplanes that brings big-jetliner comfort and economics to the midsize market. The 787 incorporates advanced composite materials, systems and engines to provide unprecedented performance levels, including a 20-percent improvement in fuel efficiency over existing small twin-aisle airplanes.

The 787-8 and larger 787-9 serve the 200- to 300-seat market on flights as long as 8,500 nautical miles (15,750 km) in three-class seating. The first 787 made its inaugural flight in December 2009, with first delivery in September 2011 to launch customer ANA.

The Boeing Business Jet is a high-performance derivative of the 737 that is designed for corporate and VIP applications. The platform gives the owner the flexibility to tailor an airplane for eight or 100 passengers. Boeing also offers VIP versions of the 747, 767, 777 and 787.

With a 24-hour network and facilities around the world, Commercial Aviation Services (CAS) offers the broadest range of support products, services and integrated solutions in the aviation industry. From spare parts to pilot training, customer support to onsite technical advice, CAS helps airplane operators keep their fleets flying safely and efficiently.

The Boeing Edge: The Boeing Edge is all about customer success. We provide the support, services and solutions to give customers every competitive advantage-directly from the OEM. It brings customers what no other single service company can. Combining our strengths creates their advantage. The Boeing Edge is built on the five unique Boeing attributes that give Boeing customers a competitive edge and help ensure their success:

• Passionate People - Boeing people are available every day, working around the clock to support our customers' businesses.
• OEM Knowledge - Our design knowledge, manufacturing experience, engineering expertise and fleet data are part of every service we provide. No one else has it. And no one else can say "backed by Boeing."
• Breakthrough Technologies - Our commitment to research and development helps keep airplanes safe, reliable and available-and operations efficient.
• Lifecycle Commitment - Our support begins when a customer acquires airplanes and continues as it operates and maintains them daily, upgrades and refreshes them, and transitions them.
• Unparalleled Integration - We have the largest services portfolio in the industry, so we can provide solutions that span an entire enterprise. And we can integrate solutions to give an airline's fleet, operations, and business maximum performance.

Boeing prides itself as a corporate citizen committed to improving the quality of life in communities worldwide. Every year, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, its employees and its retirees contribute millions to charitable and community causes. In the United States, our focus is education; health and human services; arts and culture; and civic and environmental issues.

Renton, Washington -- 737 Manufacturing; Boeing Training & Flight Services

Everett, Washington -- 747 Manufacturing; 767 Manufacturing; 777 Manufacturing; 787 Manufacturing

North Charleston, South Carolina -- 787 Manufacturing

Seattle, Washington -- Global Customer Support; Spares and Logistics Support; Maintenance & Engineering Services; Fleet Enhancements & Modifications; Flight Operations Support; Boeing Business Jets program.

Auburn, Frederickson and Everett, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; Winnipeg, Canada; Melbourne and Sydney, Australia - Boeing Fabrication; Emergent Operations; complex precision machining; specialty production focused on advanced metal structures; tubes, ducts and reservoirs; integrated aero structures; electrical systems; interiors; composites; spares.

* Includes airplanes produced by McDonnell Douglas, which merged with Boeing.

William E. Boeing

WILLIAM E. BOEING:

Biograpy:

Boeing was born in Detroit, Michigan, to a wealthy German mining engineer named Wilhelm Böing from Hagen-Hohenlimburg who had made a fortune and who had a sideline as a timber merchant.^[1] Anglicizing his name to "William Boeing" after returning from being educated in Switzerland in 1900 to attend Yale University,^[2]William Boeing left Yale in 1903 to go into the lumber side of the business. He bought extensive timberlands around Grays Harbor on the Pacific side of theOlympic Peninsula. He also bought into lumber operations. He also owned a race track for horses.

While president of Greenwood Timber Company, Boeing, who had experimented with boat design, traveled to Seattle, where, during the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in 1909, he saw a manned flying machine for the first time and became fascinated with aircraft. He soon purchased an airplane from the Glenn L. Martin Company, and received flying lessons from Martin himself. Boeing soon cracked up the plane. When he was told by Martin that replacement parts would not become available for months, Boeing blew up. He angrily told his friend Cdr. George Conrad Westervelt (USN), "We could build a better plane ourselves and build it faster". Westervelt agreed. They soon built and flew the B & W Seaplane, an amphibian biplane that had outstanding performance. Boeing decided to go into the aircraft business and bought an old boat works on the Duwamish River near Seattle for his factory.

Founding of Boeing Aircraft 

In 1916, Boeing went into business with George Conrad Westervelt as B & W and founded the Pacific Aero Products Co. The company's first plane was theBoeing Model 1. When America entered the First World War in April 1917, Boeing changed the name of Pacific Aero Products Co. to Boeing Airplane Companyand obtained orders from the United States Navy for 50 planes. At the end of the war, Boeing began to concentrate on commercial aircraft, secured contracts to supply airmail service and built a successful airmail operation and later passenger service that evolved into United Airlines.

Boeing family

In 1921 William Boeing married Bertha Marie Paschall. She had previously been married to Nathaniel Paschall, a real estate broker with whom she bore two sons, Nathaniel "Nat" Paschall Jr. and Cranston Paschall. These two sons became Boeing's stepsons. The couple had a son of their own, William E. Boeing Jr. The stepsons went into aviation manufacturing as a career. Nat Paschall was a sales manager for Douglas Aircraft and then McDonnell Douglas. William E. Boeing Jr. became a noted private pilot and industrial real estate developer. Bertha was the daughter of Howard Cranston Potter and Alice Kershaw Potter. Through her father, Bertha was a descendant of merchant bankers Alexander Brown of Baltimore, James Brown and Brown's son-in-law and partner Howard Potter of New York; and through her mother, the granddaughter of Charles James Kershaw and Mary Leavenworth Kershaw (a descendant of Henry Leavenworth).

Break up of Boeing Group

In 1934, the United States government accused William Boeing of monopolistic practices. The same year, the Air Mail Act forced airplane companies to separate flight operations from development and manufacturing. William Boeing divested himself of ownership as his holding company, United Aircraft and Transport Corporation, broke into three separate entities:

• United Aircraft Corporation, holding the former eastern US manufacturing (now United Technologies Corporation)
• Boeing Airplane Company, with western US manufacturing, which later became The Boeing Company
• United Air Lines for flight operations

He began investing most of his time into his horses in 1937. Boeing Airplane Company, though a major manufacturer in a fragmented industry, did not really take off until the beginning of World War II.

Later life

Between 1935 and 1944, William Boeing and his wife Bertha set aside a massive tract of land north of Seattle city limits for subdivision, including the future communities of Richmond Beach, Richmond Heights, Innis Arden, Blue Ridge and Shoreview. As they plotted those developments, Bill and Bertha added racial restrictive covenants to property deeds. A typical covenant for one of Boeing’s developments reads as follows:

“No property in said addition shall at any time be sold, conveyed, rented, or leased in whole or in part to any person or persons not of the White or Caucasian race. No person other than one of the White or Caucasian race shall be permitted to occupy any property in said addition of portion thereof or building thereon except a domestic servant actually employed by a person of the White or Caucasian race where the latter is an occupant of such property.”[18] Although the language varies among W.E. Boeing’s covenants, each states that only White or Caucasian individuals may live on Boeing property, with the exception of domestic servants. The divestiture, Boeing retired from the aircraft industry. He then spent the remainder of his years in property development and thoroughbred horse breeding. Concerned about the possibility of World War II battles in the Pacific Northwest, he purchased a 650-acre (260 ha) farm in the countryside east of Seattle, which he dubbed "Aldarra". The estate remained in the family until most of the land was sold and developed into a golf course in 2001. Several acres, however, remained in the family, including the Boeing's own and two smaller houses. His primary residence for most of his life, however, was a mansion in The Highlands community close to Seattle; the William E. Boeing House was later listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Boeing Creek running near this property bears his name.

William Boeing died on September 28, 1956, at the age of 74, just three days before his 75th birthday. He was pronounced dead on arrival at the Seattle Yacht Club, having had a heart attack aboard hisyacht.British Columbia, where he spent much of his time sailing.

source from:wikipedia

The Boeing Company History

BOEİNG:ABOUT US

Boeing is the world's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems. A top U.S. exporter, the company supports airlines and U.S. and allied government customers in 150 countries. Boeing products and tailored services include commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic and defense systems, launch systems, advanced information and communication systems, and performance-based logistics and training.

Boeing has a long tradition of aerospace leadership and innovation. The company continues to expand its product line and services to meet emerging customer needs. Its broad range of capabilities includes creating new, more efficient members of its commercial airplane family; integrating military platforms, defense systems and the warfighter through network-enabled solutions; creating advanced technology solutions; and arranging innovative customer-financing options.

With corporate offices in Chicago, Boeing employs more than 170,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries. This represents one of the most diverse, talented and innovative workforces anywhere. More than 140,000 employees hold college degrees -- including nearly 35,000 advanced degrees -- in virtually every business and technical field from approximately 2,700 colleges and universities worldwide. Our enterprise also leverages the talents of hundreds of thousands more skilled people working for Boeing suppliers worldwide.

Boeing is organized into two business units: Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Boeing Defense, Space & Security. Supporting these units are Boeing Capital Corporation, a global provider of financing solutions; the Shared Services Group, which provides a broad range of services to Boeing worldwide; and Boeing Engineering, Operations & Technology, which helps develop, acquire, apply and protect innovative technologies and processes.

Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years. With the merger of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas in 1997, Boeing's leadership in commercial jets, joined with the lineage of Douglas airplanes, gives the combined company a 70-year heritage of leadership in commercial aviation. Today, the main commercial products are the 737, 747, 767 and 777 families of airplanes and the Boeing Business Jet. New product development efforts are focused on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, and the 747-8. The company has nearly 12,000 commercial jetliners in service worldwide, which is roughly 75 percent of the world fleet. Through Boeing Commercial Aviation Services, the company provides unsurpassed, around-the-clock technical support to help operators maintain their airplanes in peak operating condition. Commercial Aviation Services offers a full range of world-class engineering, modification, logistics and information services to its global customer base, which includes the world's passenger and cargo airlines, as well as maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities. Boeing also trains maintenance and flight crews in the 100-seat-and-above airliner market through Boeing Training & Flight Services, the world's largest and most comprehensive provider of airline training.

Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS) provides end-to-end services for large-scale systems that enhance air-, land-, sea- and space-based platforms for global military, government and commercial customers. In addition to designing, producing, modifying and supporting fighters, bombers, transports, rotorcraft, aerial refuelers, missiles, munitions and spacecraft for military, civil and commercial use, BDS is developing enhanced capabilities through network-enabled solutions, communications and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technologies. BDS supports the U.S. government as a system integrator on several programs of national significance, including NASA's International Space Station and, the Missile Defense Agency's Ground-based Midcourse Defense program. BDS is also expanding into new markets and adjacencies, including unmanned systems, cyber security, energy management, and support and logistics.

Boeing Capital Corporation is a global provider of financing solutions. Working closely with Commercial Airplanes and Defense, Space & Security, Boeing Capital Corporation arranges, structures and provides financing to facilitate the sale and delivery of Boeing commercial and military products. With a year end 2012 portfolio value at approximately $4.1 billion, Boeing Capital Corporation combines Boeing's financial strength and global reach, detailed knowledge of Boeing customers and equipment, and the expertise of a seasoned group of financial professionals.

EO&T enhances Boeing's growth and productivity by driving technical and functional excellence across the enterprise. Its primary objectives are to support the company's business units by delivering high-quality, low-cost technical services in information technology, research and technology, and test and evaluation; integrated enterprise strategies that ensure technology is ready when needed, competitively protected and environmentally progressive; and highly disciplined and efficient engineering, operations and supplier management support that ensures program success. The organization pays particular attention to ensuring the success of development programs, and strives to attract, develop and retain a world-class technical and functional work force.

 Shared Services Group allows business units to focus on profitable growth by providing the infrastructure services required to run their global operations. The group provides a broad range of services worldwide, including facilities services, employee benefits and services, staffing, recruitment, wellness programs, security, fire protection, site operations, disaster preparedness, construction, reclamation, conservation programs, virtual workplace, creative services, transportation, business continuity and the purchase of all non-production goods and services. It also offers comprehensive travel services to Boeing employees and manages the sale and acquisition of all leased and owned property for Boeing. By integrating services, Shared Services Group delivers greater value, creates “lean” processes and operations, leverages buying power and simplifies access to services for all of Boeing.